Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Oltarzhevsky (Russian: Вячеслав Константинович Олтаржевский, 17 March 1880 – 24 April 1966) was an architect in the Soviet Union.

He assisted older architects Ivan Rerberg, Illarion Ivanov-Shitz and Marian Peretyatkovich, and completed his first independent commission in 1909.

In 1935, Oltarzhevsky was appointed to be the chief architect of All-Russia Exhibition Centre; in April, 1936 his master plan was officially approved.

Oltarzhevsky joined Arkady Mordvinov on his Hotel Ukraina skyscraper in Dorogomilovo District; both architects were awarded Stalin Prize in 1948 for conceptual drafts, before actual construction began.

Before Ukraina was completed, Oltarzhevsky compiled his "Skyscraper Construction in Moscow ("Строительство высотных зданий в Москве", 1953), which remains a principal information source on late stalinist high-rise project.