Wallmapu

[7][8] The term began to gain widespread use outside Mapudungun-speaking communities after the Council of All Lands adopted its Mapudungun name, Aukiñ Wallmapu Ngulam, upon the organization’s founding in 1990.

[14] The construction of the Ralco Hydroelectric Plant, which displaced indigenous burial sites, was a breaking point in state-Mapuche relations, contributing to the formation of the Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco (CAM) in 1997 following the burning of three trucks belonging to Forestal Arauco.

[14] The CAM, which defines itself as anti-capitalist and "in resistance against neoliberalism," uses violence to reclaim lands it considers usurped during the Occupation of Araucanía and now held by large landowners and extractive industries.

[16] CAM leaders, such as Héctor Llaitul, represent a newer, more separatist generation compared to figures like Aucán Huilcamán, founder of the Council of All Lands.

The central demands include territorial autonomy and restitution of lands claimed as ancestral under the Títulos de Merced,[11] granted to some communities after the Occupation of Araucanía and Conquest of the Desert.

Map showing an interpretation of the historical presence of Mapuches between the 16th and 21st centuries based on data from Melin et al. (2015).
Wenufoye flag created in 1992 by the Indigenist organization Council of All Lands ; the main symbol of the Mapuche autonomist movement in Chile (primarily) and Argentina.
Aucán Huilcamán , renowned Mapuche Indigenist political activist .