In 1935, Giles and Bland County voters elected Caudill to represent them, part-time, as their delegate to the Virginia General Assembly.

Caudill was replaced by Dr. James J. Davidson, who served on the Bland County board of supervisors for 16 years but only one term as a delegate.

In 1939, Caudill won election to state senate district 19, representing Bland, Giles, Pulaski and Wythe Counties.

[3] During his last legislative term, Caudill was a member of the Gray Commission that ultimately led to the Stanley Plan which embodied the Massive Resistance to racial integration vowed by U.S.

Fellow Democrat D. Woodrow Bird was elected to succeed Caudill representing those counties in the Senate, and fellow Democrat Charles T. Moses of Appomattox County succeeded him as the Senate President Pro Tem during Massive Resistance.