Linguistic and historical records indicate a possible southern origin of the Siouan people, with migrations over a thousand years ago from North Carolina and Virginia to Ohio.

Some continued down the Ohio River, to the Mississippi and up to the Missouri.

Others traveled across Ohio to what is now Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, home of the Dakota.

The Siouan family proper consists of some 18 languages and various dialects: (†) – Extinct language Another view of both the Dakotan and Mississippi Valley branches is to represent them as dialect continuums.

All the Virginia Siouan dialects listed here are thought to have been closely related to one another; the term Tutelo language is also used in reference to their common tongue.