[1] The May Coup (1903) which overthrew Aleksandar Obrenović was orchestrated by Dragutin Dimitrijević (called "Apis") and his group of lower officers, among whom were Petar Živković.
[3] Military officers led by Colonel Petar Živković established the White Hand organization in the Belgrade hotel "Paris",[4] in 1912.
In 1929, King Alexander I, along with officers of the White Hand orchestrated a coup in an attempt to control the growing nationalist tensions in the country (especially in Croatia) and the instability of the Parliament.
The autocracy was eased in 1931 when the King re-instated some constitutional rights after his reforms completely failed in their purpose, and Živković lost his position in 1932 after organizing numerous show trials against minority leaders, ultra-nationalist groups, and communists.
With the victory of the communist forces of Josip Broz Tito during Second World War, members of the White Hand were either executed by the new regime or fled abroad.