The Leghorn,[a] Italian: Livorno or Livornese, is a breed of chicken originating in Tuscany, in central Italy.

Birds were first exported to North America in 1828 from the Tuscan port city of Livorno,[6] on the western coast of Italy.

[10] The Leghorn was included in the American Standard of Perfection in 1874, with three colours: black, white and brown (light and dark).

[11]: 161  Pyle Leghorns were first bred in Britain in the 1880s; gold and silver duckwings originated there a few years later, from crosses with Phoenix or Japanese Yokohama birds.

[13] Both the American Poultry Association and the American Bantam Association recognize a number of Leghorn varieties including white, red, black-tailed red, light brown, dark brown, black, buff, Columbian, buff Columbian, barred, and silver.

In Britain, the Leghorn Club recognises eighteen colours: golden duckwing, silver duckwing, partridge, brown, buff, exchequer, Columbian, pyle, white, black, blue, mottled, cuckoo, blue-red, lavender, red, crele, and buff Columbian.