The city of Aurora is located within White Township geographically but is a separate entity.

White Township was named for an official at the local Kimberly Mining Company.

Water Hen Creek flows through the southeast part of the township.

Mud Hen Creek briefly flows through the southwest corner of the township.

Saint Louis County Highway 100 runs north–south through the central and south–central portions of White Township.

County Highway 110 runs east–west through the east-central portion of White Township.

Vermilion Trail (County 4) passes through the southwest corner of White Township.