It was released on October 22, 2010 in Germany by Hollywood Records as the second and final single from Cyrus' third studio album Can't Be Tamed.

The song garnered mixed reception from music critics; some argued it was dull and faceless, while others deemed it one of the best tracks on Can't Be Tamed.

[7] Lyrically, "Who Owns My Heart" speaks of the thrill of meeting a potential love interest on the dance floor.

"[10] Tanner Stransky of Entertainment Weekly stated, "This song is a pulsy, possibly club-ready jam that deserves single status.

"[11] Heather Phares of AllMusic used "Who Owns My Heart" as an example of, according to her, a recurring problem on Can't Be Tamed: "too often, Cyrus equates grown-up with joyless".

[12] Alexis Petridis of the United Kingdom magazine The Guardian felt the song was a gamely attempt at Lady Gaga.

[13] Mikael Wood of Billboard compared "Who Owns My Heart" to 2010 singles released by The Black Eyed Peas.

[9] Ed Masley of The Arizona Republic deemed "Who Owns My Heart" to be one of the best tracks from Can't Be Tamed, despite containing a "cheesy ABBA-worthy chorus".

[6] Jon Caramanica of The New York Times also perceived the song to be "in the vein of Cascada" and one of the most "exciting" on Can't Be Tamed.

[15] On the week ending November 22, 2010, "Who Owns My Heart" debuted and peaked at number 24 on the German Singles Chart.

[20] Jocelyn Vena of MTV News wrote, "There comes a time in every pop princess' career when she must throw a sexy dance party and proclaim her womanhood.

Back in 2001 Britney Spears did as much in 'I'm a Slave 4 U,' and this week, Miley Cyrus is doing the same in the video for her club-ready track 'Who Owns My Heart.

Vick recalled Amy Winehouse's "Rehab" video when seeing the bathroom scene and viewed the ending as a relief.

[23] Tim Winter, president of the Parents Television Council, criticized the video for its suggestiveness and sexual elements.

Miley built her fame and fortune entirely on the backs of young girls, and it saddens us that she seems so eager to distance herself from that fanbase so rapidly.

The backdrop music video was released on Cyrus's YouTube account due to high demand by fans.

On November 7, 2010, Cyrus performed "Who Owns My Heart" at the 2010 MTV Europe Music Awards at the Caja Mágica in Madrid, Spain.