She returned to Würzburg as a consultant endocrinologist briefly in 2001, before moving to the University of Birmingham in England in 2002 with another fellowship from the German Research Council.
She became a senior lecturer at the university in 2004, the same year that she received a Medical Research Council clinical fellowship.
She was promoted to Head of the Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism in 2008 and William Withering Chair of Medicine in 2014.
[5] Arlt's main research interests involve adrenal tumours and disorders of sex development.
Her group at the University of Birmingham conducted the first randomised controlled trial to show that DHEA replacement is beneficial in patients with adrenal insufficiency.