William Dudley Foulke (November 20, 1848 – May 30, 1935) was an American literary critic, journalist, poet, and reformer.

He practiced law in New York until 1876, when he moved to Richmond, Indiana, and married Mary Taylor Reeves.

President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Foulke a Commissioner in the Civil Service Commission in 1901.

[7] He was a critic of the Ku Klux Klan, which had strong membership in Richmond and was threatened with flogging for his views.

Foulke and other notable Americans (Blackwell, Wald, Howe, Addams), who endorsed Russian revolutionists and liberals in their fight against the autocracy, encouraged Russian emigre Breshko-Breskovskaya in 1904-1905 when she arrived in the USA for tapping moral support and some money.

Foulke appears as a supporting character in Harry Turtledove's alternate history novel series Southern Victory, where he follows a military career rather than in writing and politics.