William Duncan Baxter (14 June 1868 – 7 January 1960) was a businessman, politician, and the Mayor of Cape Town, South Africa, from 1907 to 1908.

The theatre, generally known as "The Baxter", a performing arts complex in Rondebosch, a suburb of Cape Town, was named in his honour.

In 1886 he emigrated to South Africa, where he joined William Duncan and Co. in Cape Town, a drapery business of his uncle.

Baxter played a major role in the establishment of the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden and was for many years on the governing body and serving as chairman from 1918 until 1957.

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