William Henry Thompson (December 14, 1853 – June 6, 1937) was a Nebraska Democratic Party politician.

He moved to Grand Island, Nebraska in 1881, practiced law and did some banking as well.

He became Grand Island's city attorney from 1887 to 1888, then ran and lost in becoming a congressman from Nebraska to the 52nd congress in 1890.

In 1902 he ran, unsuccessfully, for governor against John H. Mickey.

He was appointed on May 24, 1933, by then governor Charles W. Bryan, brother to democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan, to fill the senate seat of Robert B. Howell when he died.