William J. Oliphant (1845–1930) was an American Confederate States Army veteran and photographer from Austin, Texas.

[1][4] He studied photography under Alexander Gardner (1845–1930) and Timothy H. O'Sullivan (1840–1882) in Washington, D.C.[1] During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, Oliphant served as a private in the Company G of the Sixth Texas Infantry Regiment, also known as the "Travis Rifles", of the Confederate States Army (CSA).

[3] He worked for the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts from 1881 to 1886, the Internal Revenue Service from 1887 to 1890, and for the Travis County Tax Assessor's Office from 1905 to 1927.

[3] Oliphant resided at the Oliphant-Walker House in Hyde Park, a suburb of Austin.

[3] The William J. Oliphant chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy in Austin, Texas is named in his honor.