William Robert Graham (born June 15, 1937) is an American physicist who was chairman of President Reagan's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control from 1982 to 1985, a deputy administrator and acting administrator of NASA during 1985 and 1986, and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and concurrently science adviser to President Reagan from 1986 to 1989.

From 1982 to 1985, he served as chairman of the General Advisory Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament, having been nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate in 1982.

While chairing the General Advisory Committee, he led the preparation of the report "A Quarter Century of Soviet Compliance Practices Under Arms Control Commitments: 1958-1983", which was submitted to the President and to Congress in 1984.

[1] It was on his watch as acting administrator that the Space Shuttle Challenger was launched in frigid weather, causing o-rings to fail and destroy the ship.

[2] Graham left NASA on October 1, 1986, to become director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP).

On October 16, 1986, he was sworn in as director of OSTP and concurrently as science adviser to President Reagan,[3] positions he held until June 1989, when he left government service to join Jaycor, a high-technology company headquartered in San Diego, California.