Wine glass

In wealthy homes in England, glasses replaced silver wine cups of very similar size and shape in the 1600s.

[2] The effect of glass shape on the taste of wine has not been demonstrated decisively by any scientific study and remains a matter of debate.

One study[3] suggests that the shape of the glass is important, as it concentrates the flavour and aroma (or bouquet) to emphasize the varietal's characteristic.

[citation needed] Most wine glasses are stemware, composed of three parts: the bowl, stem, and foot.

[6] A 2015 study by Kohji Mitsubayashi of Tokyo Medical and Dental University and colleagues found that different glass shapes and temperatures can bring out completely different bouquets and finishes from the same wine.

The scientists developed a camera system that images ethanol vapor escaping from a wine glass.

[citation needed] As oxygen from the air chemically interacts with the wine, flavor and aroma are believed to be subtly altered.

This process of oxidation is generally considered more compatible with red wines, whose complex flavours are said to be smoothed out after being exposed to air.

Just as with wine glasses, the flute is designed to be held by the stem to help prevent the heat from the hand from warming the liquid inside.

[1] There used to be an ISO standard (ISO/PAS IWA 8:2009) for glass clarity and freedom from lead and other heavy metals, but it was withdrawn.

[15] Modern functional designs focus on aeration, such as glassmaker Kurt Josef Zalto's Josephinenhütte brand.

[17] The INAO has not submitted a file at the National Institute of Industrial Property, it is therefore copied en masse and has gradually replaced other tasting glasses in the world.

A code of practice, introduced in 2010 as an extension to the Licensing Act 2003, contains conditions for the sale of alcohol, including a requirement for customers to be informed that smaller measures are available.