In 1833, he relocated to Dubno, where he exercised significant influence over the emerging cohort of Maskilim, while facing hostility from the Ḥasidim due to his rationalist perspectives.
Notable among Adelsohn's students were the grammarian Ḥayyim Ẓebi Lerner[2] and the Russian censor Vladimir Feodorov (né Ẓevi Hirsch Grünberg).
Due to his philosophical character and disregard for conventional norms, he earned the epithet "Diogenes" within the Maskilic community.
He composed a critical treatise on the Book of Esther, countering the viewpoints of Isaac Samuel Reggio.
He also authored essays on Hebrew literature, which were acquired after his death by L. Chari and Joel Baer Falkovich.