Women in film

This means it's much rarer for women to get the sort of blockbuster role which would warrant the massive backend deals many male counterparts demand (Tom Cruise in Mission: Impossible or Robert Downey Jr. in Iron Man, for example)".

They all gathered on the steps during the premiere of a film called Girls of the Sun, directed by Eva Husson, who was one of the few female directors nominated for "Palme d'Or" award.

[10] As of 2020, there are no dedicated gender studies that prove inequality in participation in film between women and men; public knowledge is reliant on the numbers and testimonies provided by those on the inside.

Germaine Dulac was a leading member of the French avant-garde film movement after World War I and Maya Deren did experimental cinema.

Nancy Meyers has had success with her five features: The Parent Trap (1998), What Women Want (2000), Something's Gotta Give (2003), The Holiday (2006) and It's Complicated (2009) which have amassed $1,157.2 million worldwide.

[21] Before she started her directorial career she wrote some other successful films like Private Benjamin (1980) for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, Baby Boom (1987) or Father of the Bride (1991).

Julie Dash's Daughters of the Dust (1991) was the first full-length film with general theatrical release written and directed by an African American woman.

Nnegest Likké is the first African American woman to write, direct and act in a full-length movie released by a major studio, Phat Girlz (2006) starring Jimmy Jean-Louis and Mo'Nique.

In 2019, Real Women Have Curves was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Natalia Almada first feature film, "Everything Else (Todo lo demás)" (2016) was funded in part by a MacArthur Fellowship making her the first Latina filmmaker to earn this distinction.

Directed by Patty Jenkins, the film starred Gal Gadot as Princess Diana, an immortal warrior who sets out to stop World War I, believing the conflict was started by the longtime enemy of the Amazons, Ares, after American pilot and spy Steve Trevor crash-lands on their island Themyscira and informs her about it.

Directed by Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck, the film starred Brie Larson as Carol Danvers, a pilot turned Kree superhero who must discover her forgotten past and help save Earth from alien invasion.

Woman's films usually portray "women's concerns" such as problems revolving around domestic life, the family, motherhood, self-sacrifice, and romance.

The work of directors George Cukor, Douglas Sirk, Max Ophüls, and Josef von Sternberg has been associated with the woman's film genre.

This also suggests that classifying and interpreting films in the category of ‘women's cinema’ is creating bias and exclusivity among the genre in itself, when it should be a network of creation and empowerment, as Fontaine always intended.

For example, the 1983 film Terms of Endearment received Academy Awards for Best Screenplay, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress, and Best Actor in a Supporting Role.

[41] Nora Ephron was known for her romantic comedy films and was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay: for Silkwood, When Harry Met Sally..., and Sleepless in Seattle.

[42] Winch also states that the girlfriend flicks are meant to criticize "second wave feminism's superficial understanding of female solidarity" by showing "conflict, pain, and betrayal acted out between women.

The cast is often mostly female, depending on the plot like the film Thelma & Louise, A League of Their Own, Clueless, Charlie's Angels, Whip It, Bad Moms, Life of the Party, Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising, The Craft: Legacy and I Am Mother.

Ocean's 8 directed by Gary Ross and starring Sandra Bullock, Cate Blanchett, and Anne Hathaway was another film where the cast was changed from male to female.

Kathryn Bigelow, Jane Campion, Gina Prince-Bythewood, Claire Denis, Sofia Coppola, Catherine Hardwick, Amy Heckerling, Julie Taymor, and Nora Ephron are some significant female names in filmmaking today and in history.

"[71] WIF is a huge organization, offering bi-monthly networking breakfasts for women in the industry, internships, classes, competitions, a PSA production program, scholarships, and much more.

The Kodak Vision Award is presented to a female filmmaker with outstanding achievements in cinematography, directing and/or producing, who also collaborates with and assists women in the entertainment industry.

"[73] The organization was founded in 1973 in Los Angeles by Tichi Wilkerson Kassel and grew quickly worldwide, hosting their first Women in Film and Television International World Summit in New York City in September 1997.

Combining efforts with the WomenArts Network, WITASWAN hosts and promotes International SWAN (Supporting Women Artists Now) Day annually, beginning in 2008.

According to B. Ruby Rich, director of the film program at the New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA) in 1981, "Documentary was the preferred mode for its ability to focus attention directly on issues of importance to women."

[81] In contrast, film theoreticians in England began integrating perspectives based on critical theory and drawing inspiration from psychoanalysis, semiotics, and Marxism.

[88] Miriam Hanson, in "Pleasure, Ambivalence, Identification: Valentino and Female Spectatorship" (1984) put forth the idea that women are also able to view male characters as erotic objects of desire.

[97] In 2014, the European cinema fund Eurimages incorporated the Bechdel test into its submission mechanism as part of an effort to collect information about gender equality in its projects.

[98] A 2016 study by Andrew M. Linder, Melissa Lindquist, and Julie Arnold examined box office performance of movies that pass the Bechdel test.

Katharine Hepburn negotiated high pay and maintained artistic independence in Hollywood of her time.
Jennifer Lawrence , was the world's highest-paid actress in 2015 and 2016, and her films have grossed over $6 billion worldwide to date.
A demonstration for equal pay and parity at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival
Kathryn Bigelow (born 1951) [ 16 ] is an American director, producer, and writer. With The Hurt Locker (2009), Bigelow became the first woman to win the Academy Award for Best Director . [ 17 ]
Sofia Coppola is the youngest child and only daughter of filmmakers Eleanor and Francis Ford Coppola .
Bette Davis and Henry Fonda in Jezebel (1938), one of the quintessential woman's films. Davis plays a Southern belle who loses her fiancé (Fonda) and her social standing when she defies conventions. She redeems herself by self-sacrifice. [ 26 ]
Faten Hamama (1931–2015), Egyptian film legend, inspired women all over the Middle East and Africa . [ 29 ] [ 30 ]
Elizabeth Taylor and Van Johnson in the romantic drama The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954)
Tina Fey ( left ) with Amy Poehler ( right ) at the premiere of Baby Mama in New York, April 23, 2008.
Amos Gitai with Hana Laszlo and Natalie Portman on the set of Free Zone . In the film three women set off on a tense journey to retrieve Hanna's money.
Alice Guy-Blaché was the first woman to direct a film.
Chloé Zhao won both Best Picture and Best Director , becoming the second woman in history to win the latter after Kathryn Bigelow [ 43 ] in 2010 , [ 44 ] and the first non-white woman to win the category. [ 45 ]
Nicole Kidman (right), with Nancy Pelosi (left) and Esta Soler (center) breaking ground on the International Center to End Violence in San Francisco
The Hollywood actress Geena Davis in a speech at the Millennium Development Goals Countdown event in the Ford Foundation Building in New York, addressing gender roles and issues in film (24 September 2013)
The first female member of the Directors Guild of America and a pioneering director, honored by the Dorothy Arzner Directors Award.
B. Ruby Rich was a key advocate for women's filmmaking in the 1980s, securing funding for WMM and amplifying women’s voices in cinema.
The character Mako Mori from Pacific Rim by Guillermo del Toro (played by Rinko Kikuchi , pictured) inspired an alternative test for measuring female presence in fiction the Mako Mori test .