XXXVI Corps was activated on 15 July 1944 at Fort Riley, Kansas, under the command of Major General Jonathan W. Anderson and was assigned to the Fourth Army.

When stations and units assigned to the Second Army located west of the Mississippi River were transferred to the control of the Fourth Army effective 18 September 1944, the XXXVI Corps assumed control of corps-level troop units at Camps Howze and Maxey, Texas, and Camp Robinson, Arkansas.

On 6 October 1944, the units at Camp Robinson were relieved from assignment to the XXXVI Corps.

[2] On 5 January 1945, the headquarters of Fourth Army and the Special Troops detachments of Camps Chaffee, Gruber, and Robinson prepared to assume administration of the corps-type units located there, from which the XXXVI Corps was relieved responsibility on 10 January 1945 for an anticipated move to Camp Cooke, California.

The corps was relieved of both assignment to Fourth Army and responsibility to units at Camp Gruber at midnight on 23 June 1945 and began movement to Camp Callan, California.