According to most college basketball historians, the NIT was the elite post season tournament until the NCAA overtook it in the early 1960s.

In addition to the hiring of head coach Pete Gillen, the Midwestern City Conference altered its name slightly to the Midwestern Collegiate Conference, adding more teams including Detroit, Notre Dame (excluding men's basketball and football), Saint Louis, Marquette and Dayton.

In 1990, Xavier beat Kansas State and future Big East colleagues Georgetown to advance to the program's first Sweet Sixteen.

Early in his tenure, Prosser added recruits Gary Lumpkin, Darnell Williams, Lenny Brown and James Posey.

Following a loss to Notre Dame in the tournament's first round, Prosser accepted the position of head coach at Wake Forest.

Thad Matta left alma mater Butler to replace Skip Prosser as Xavier's head coach in 2001.

Hired with only one year of head coaching experience, Matta inherited a talented core of players in David West, Lionel Chalmers, and Romain Sato.

With West's departure, seniors Lionel Chalmers, Romain Sato and Anthony Myles became the team's cornerstone for the 2003–04 season.

"The Run", as it became known, left Xavier 3 points shy of making the program's first NCAA Final Four appearance.

The summer following Xavier's first Elite Eight appearance, Matta was offered and accepted the position of head men's basketball coach at Ohio State.

During Miller's tenure as head coach, Xavier continued to shed the "mid-major" label and separate itself as one of the country's premier college basketball programs.

[8] Miller's NCAA Tournament success, aggressive non-conference scheduling and national recruiting allowed Xavier to be recognized with the likes of Memphis and Gonzaga as one of the premier basketball programs.

[9] After turning away interest from many programs, Sean Miller left Xavier to become the head basketball coach at Arizona.

Behind the play of 2010 NBA draft pick Jordan Crawford, Xavier advanced to the NCAA Tournament's Sweet Sixteen for a third straight season.

With a 14–2 record in Atlantic 10 play, Xavier also won a share of their fourth straight conference championship.

The early season was marred by the Crosstown Shootout brawl in their yearly rivalry game against Cincinnati.

The Musketeers had reached as high as #8 in the AP Poll before numerous suspensions from the Crosstown Shootout brawl lead to the team losing 5 of their next 6 games.

Xavier became one of the new members of the new 10-team Big East with the "Catholic 7" (DePaul, Georgetown, Marquette, Providence, Seton Hall, St. John's, and Villanova) plus Butler and Creighton.

From 2008 to 2015, Xavier made five Sweet Sixteens, tied for third in the nation with Wisconsin over that span behind only Louisville and Michigan State.

Only three days after the firing of Travis Steele, Xavier hired former head coach Sean Miller as his replacement.

[15] During the period in between Steele’s exit and Miller’s full installation as head coach, Jonas Hayes served as interim.

In his first season back at Xavier, Miller led the team to a 27-10 record, earning a berth in the NCAA Tournament as a 3 seed, where they would be eliminated in the Sweet 16 by Texas.

Xavier currently plays its home games at the Cintas Center, a 10,224 seat multi-purpose arena that opened in 2000.

Prior to moving to the Cincinnati Gardens in the 1983–84 season, Xavier called Schmidt Fieldhouse home.

Xavier scored a school-record point total in a 125–84 win over Florida International on Saturday, January 9, 1988.

In May 2010, the NCAA honored a school-record tying eight Xavier University athletic programs with Public Recognition Awards for academic excellence.

Fleming was featured in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and on both ABC's Good Morning America and NBC Nightly News.

[72] In addition to the national recognition she received during the 2010 NCAA tournament she has also been featured in Reader's Digest, Woman's Day, was voted one of the Cincinnati Enquirer's Women of the Year, and was the subject of a promotional spot on The Family Channel.

Xavier won four of the six games between the teams during the 2020–21 and 2021–22 seasons, sweeping the four regular-season matchups and losing each year to Butler in the Big East tournament.

[76] Between the 2009–10 and 2019–20 seasons, Xavier played Wake Forest seven times in a series known as the Skip Prosser Classic, named for the former coach of both schools.