Xenorhinotherium is an extinct genus of macraucheniine macraucheniids, native to northern South America during the Pleistocene and Holocene epoch, closely related to Macrauchenia of Patagonia.

Probably derived from lower Miocene forms such as Cramauchenia and Theosodon, this animal probably closely related to the large macraucheniids of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, such as Macrauchenia and Windhausenia.

[8] Pictographs from the Serranía de La Lindosa rock formation of Guaviare, Colombia, show what might possibly be Xenorhinotherium with three toes and a trunk, though the claims are highly controversial, and it is uncertain whether they even date to the last Ice Age.

[12] Fossils of Xenorhinotherium, dating from the Late Pleistocene to the Early Holocene, have been found in the states of Bahia, the Jandaíra Formation of Rio Grande do Norte,[1] and Minas Gerais in modern Brazil,[13] and also in Venezuela, in the localities of Muaco, Taima-Taima and Cuenca del Lago.

[14][15] Though not known from other countries, computer modelling suggests that the habitat in the western Andean slopes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru would have been suitable for this animal, particularly in areas that have not been extensively excavated yet.