Xin Shiji

Unlike the contemporary "Tokyo Group", who focused more on indigenous Asian traditions, the Paris-based revolutionaries instead favoured more Western thought – such as anarcho-syndicalist and anarcho-communist tactics, the study of the constructed language Esperanto, and the works of thinkers like Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin.

Founders and prominent contributors included Zhang Renjie, Li Shizeng, Chu Minyi, and Wu Zhihui.

[2] It was subtitled in French with inspiration from the fellow anarchist newspaper with which it shared a building, Les Temps Nouveaux published by Jean Grave.

[3] Articles featured included "On women's revenge" by He Zhen and "Revolution in the three constant relationship", both of them feminist tracts which rejected key tenets of Confucianism.

[4] Beyond publishing articles, the newspaper serialized long Chinese translations of texts by authors such as Bakunin, Kropotkin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Élisée Reclus, and Errico Malatesta.