It is located at the approximate halfway point between Beijing and Shanghai on the Beijing-Shanghai railway.

On April 18, 2008, Xuzhou East Station officially began construction.

After CRH380A rolling stock tests in December 2010, it opened for high-speed rail traffic on June 30, 2011.

An expansion project for the station was announced by the Xuzhou High-Speed Railway Investment Company in August 2017 to change the east square of the station into an "integrated passenger transportation hub".

[1] The expanded station will include 13 island platforms and 28 tracks, serving roughly 80,000 passengers per day.