Xylooligosaccharide

Their C5 (where C is a quantity of carbon atoms in each monomer) structure is fundamentally different from other prebiotics, which are based upon C6 sugars.

They have more recently become more widely available commercially, as technologies have advanced and production costs have fallen.

[2] Xylooligosaccharides act as a prebiotic,[3][4] selectively feeding beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli within the digestive tract.

A large number of clinical trials have been conducted with XOS, demonstrating a variety of health benefits, including improvements in blood sugars and lipids, digestive health benefits, laxation, and beneficial changes to immune markers.

[5] These health benefits have typically been observed at 1–4 g/d,[clarification needed] a lower dose than required for prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides and inulin.