Yakov Khristoforovich Davtyan (Davydov) (Armenian: Յակով Դավթյան (Դավիդով), Russian: Яков Христофорович Давтян (Давыдов); 10 October 1888 – 28 July 1938) was the first head of the Cheka's Foreign Department from 1921 to 1922, the first head of Soviet foreign intelligence and later a Soviet diplomat.

He worked in the Military Organization, in the editorial office of the newspaper “The Voice of the Barracks”, campaigned among the soldiers.

He participated in the work of Russian emigrant organizations, was a member of the socialist Belgian Labour Party, and collaborated in its print media.

In August 1918, after the conclusion of the Brest Peace, thanks to Adolph Joffe, he was released by the Germans and returned to Russia.

In 1937, during the period of Joseph Stalin's Great Purge, he was accused of belonging to the fictitious Leon Trotsky-Grigory Zinoviev faction (see Moscow Trials) and the following year was executed.

On July 28, 1938, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union sentenced him to capital punishment and he was shot on the same day.