Yevhen Kharlampiyovych Chykalenko (Ukrainian: Євге́н Харла́мпійович Чикале́нко; born 21 December 1861 in Pereschory, Kherson Governorate; died 20 June 1929 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a Ukrainian public figure, philanthropist, landowner, publisher and patron of the arts.

[1] He played an important role in the Ukrainian national revival in the early 20th century by co-funding the only Ukrainian-language newspapers in the Russian Empire.

[2] He was a patron of various causes: Umanets-Komarov's Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary (Lviv, 1893–1898) was published with his money; he helped the Kyivska Staryna magazine by giving an award (1,000 rubles) for the best written history of Ukraine and paying royalties for Ukrainian works of literature published in Kyivska Staryna; he organized the Mordovets Foundation at the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv to help Ukrainian writers.

During his time in the Central Rada, Chykalenko was an advocate for the inclusion of the Jewish population into the Ukrainian national movement.

Chykalenko would often pursue pro-Jewish rhetoric with his colleagues and highlight that a large portion of the Jewish population could communicate in the Ukrainian language prior to the Russian Empire's policies of "russification" in an attempt to ease tensions.