During the Asuka Period, ancient mountain castles known as kōgoishi were constructed in several areas as protection against possible invasion by Silla or Tang China.

After the Meiji restoration, the village of Yukuhashi was established on May 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system.

Yukuhashi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 20 members.

In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Fukuoka 11th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Due to its proximity to Kitakyushu and numerous transportation options, it is increasing becoming a commuter town.