He graduated from Tbilisi State University with a degree in history in 1958 and earned a doctorate in 1969 and a post-doctorate in 1984.

Later, from 1979 to 2006, Aleksidze chaired the Department of Armenian Studies at the Tbilisi State University.

[1] Aleksidze was also professor emeritus of the Tbilisi State University and academician at the Georgian National Academy of Sciences.

[4] Aleksidze's research interests were focused on the social and cultural history of the medieval Caucasus.

[1] Aleksidze's best known achievement is his contribution to the decipherment of the Caucasian Albanian script — a long-defunct alphabet of the Caucasian Albanians — which he owed to his 2003 discovery of a Georgian-Albanian palimpsest at the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai.