Physically fit and energetic, but also arrogant, Zhu Gaoxu proved himself to be a capable military leader in battle.
[3] Zhu Gaoxu then successfully participated in numerous battles against the Mongols on the northern frontier, earning recognition from his father for his military achievements.
He also involved himself in court politics, attempting to undermine the position of his elder brother, Zhu Gaochi (the future Hongxi Emperor), and the ministers who supported him.
[3] In 1414, his hostility led to the imprisonment of Grand Secretaries Huang Huai for ten years and Yang Shiqi, who was later able to clear his name and return to office.
However, unlike his father, he was in a weaker position and underestimated the determination of the government, led by an experienced official[2] (Grand Secretary Yang Rong),[4] and the abilities of the young emperor.
[5] During the subsequent investigation, it was discovered that Zhu Gaosui, the third son of the Yongle Emperor, and several other princes were involved in the rebellion.