[2] The Zhukaigou culture is associated with about 327 burials, with recent maternal genetic evidence showing that they were related to the remains from Yinniugou, as well as modern populations like Daurs and Evenks.

These finds are important, as they are associated with the development of snake pattern designs on the decoration of weapon and animal-depicting artifacts, which later would become a characteristic style of the Ordos.

[5] By the second millennium BC, the Zhukaigou people started using oracle-bone divination, a practice that was closely associated with Shang culture and statecraft.

[6] Bronze objects dated to the last period of existence of Zhukaigou culture c. 1500 BCE point to native production of a mixed complex of bronze objects that included typical "Northern Zone" items like daggers, with typical Shang ge (戈) dagger-axes, and knives that reveal both Shang and northern features.

[7] In the late period of Zhukaigou culture, c. 1,500 BCE, motifs like snake patterns and the flower-shaped edge of the li (鬲) vessel appeared, which archaeologists regard as characteristic of later nomadic peoples of this area.