[3] He spent the next few years being pursued from one country to the next by the police, before taking advantage of the general amnesty and returning to France.

[2] At this point, having led (in the words of historian Jules Bertaut) "a most disreputable life", and being an agitator by temperament, d'Axa gravitated towards the anarchist movement.

[2] He founded the famous anarchist newspaper L'EnDehors in May 1891 in which numerous contributors such as Jean Grave, Louise Michel, Sébastien Faure, Octave Mirbeau, Tristan Bernard and Émile Verhaeren developed libertarian ideas.

", d'Axa proclaimed of his contemporaries, "If our extraordinary flights (nos fugues inattendues) throw people out a little, the reason is that we speak of everyday things as the primitive barbarian would, were he brought across them.

"[9] D'Axa was a bohemian who "exulted in his outsider status",[7] and praised the anti-capitalist lifestyle of itinerant anarchist bandit precursors of the French illegalists.