[2] This arrangement left Zurbatiyah on the Ottoman side and rejected the Banu Lam's tenuous assertions to Bayat and Dehloran which split the Arab tribes living there.

Hundreds of Iranians, mainly pilgrims heading for the Shiite holy cities of Najaf and Karbala, cross the border on foot each day.

[10] Most of the small houses and buildings were destroyed as a result, leaving the town in ruins with only few Iranian Kurds living in these after migration from west Iran.

[11] Following 2003 fall of iraq saw the largest influx of Feyli Kurds from Iran into the town as well as the Arab, Turkoman and minority Chechen population to migrate from Zurbatiyah.

Fatha gypsum rocks have higher thickness in the succession of formation with marl, clay and limestone forming multi cyclic deposition.