Ōkubo Tadayoshi (大久保 忠由, December 20, 1736 – October 29, 1769) was the 5th daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture) in mid-Edo period Japan.
He became Ōkubo clan leader and daimyō of Odawara on the retirement of his father on September 10, 1763.
The implementation of further austerity measures in May 1764 in addition to those levied by his father indicates the continuing deterioration of the domain's financial situation.
Tadayoshi had a weak constitution from childhood, and died only 6 years after becoming daimyō on October 1, 1769, at the age of 34.
Takayoshi was married to a daughter of Sakakibara Masamine, daimyō of Himeji Domain in Harima Province.