The 10th Flak Division was formed in April 1941 in Ploiești in the Kingdom of Romania, initially under the name "10th Air Defense Command" (Luftverteidigungs-Kommando 10).

Its main assignment was the protection of the Romanian oilfields in the larger Ploiești area.

[3] In March 1942, it was replaced in Romania and sent to the Eastern Front, where it saw action in the Siege of Sevastopol.

[4] In 1943/44, the 10th Flak Division continued its service during the German withdrawals on the Eastern Front, first in southern Russia and later in Galicia, where it served as part of Army Group North Ukraine (later: Army Group A).

At the end of the war, Franz Engel was still in command of the division (although he had been briefly interrupted by Oskar Vorbrugg from 3–10 February 1945).