On the island of New Guinea, the meridian defines part of the land border between Indonesia on the west and Papua New Guinea on the east.
The Fly River forms the border where it flows west of the 141st meridian.
In Australia, it forms the eastern boundary of the state of South Australia, bordering Queensland and New South Wales.
The border between South Australia and Victoria was originally proclaimed to be exactly on the 141st meridian, but measurement errors resulted in the present border being about 3.6 km (2.2 mi) west of this line at 140°57'45" (see South Australia–Victoria border dispute).
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 141st meridian east passes through: