The Serie B 1936–37 was the eighth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.
Cremonese, Venezia, Spezia and Catanzaro had been promoted from Serie C, while Palermo and Brescia had been relegated from Serie A.
Four teams were relegated following the reform of the Serie C and in order to expand the number of participants to seventeen.
Since all the sides finished the play-off at 6 points, a tie-breaker was needed.
Calcio Catania were relegated to Serie C.