The 1956 Divizia B was the 17th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.
The format has been changed back to two series, one of them having 13 teams and the other one 14.
At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A, the last two places from each series relegated to Divizia C. This was the seventh and the last season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.
Locomotiva Târgu Mureș was renamed as Recolta Târgu Mureș.
Metalul Câmpia Turzii was renamed as Energia Câmpia Turzii.