1995 Atlantic hurricane season

[nb 1] The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin.

Roxanne, a rare late-season major hurricane,[nb 2] caused significant damage when it made landfall in Quintana Roo.

CSU noted an above average season due to expectations that the existing El Niño would dissipate, while a La Niña would develop by the summer of 1995.

The season's activity was reflected with a very high accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 228, the fifth highest value on record,[13] and far above the 1981–2010 median of 92.

[18] In Florida, storm surge heights of 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 m) were observed in Dixie and Wakulla counties and 2 to 6 ft (0.61 to 1.83 m) to the east, causing significant beach erosion and damaging 65 homes, 3 hotels, and a restaurant.

[21] Cold water caused deep convection to diminish as it was making landfall, and the storm lost most remaining tropical characteristics as it tracked toward Newfoundland.

[26] By early on July 17, Chantal attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 991 mbar (29.3 inHg).

[26] Although Chantal remained well offshore, the storm dropped heavy rainfall in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, peaking at 3 in (76 mm) on the Burin Peninsula.

As the depression curved west-northwestward, it began to strengthen and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dean while located only 70 mi (110 km) from the Texas coastline on July 30.

The system made landfall early on July 31 near Freeport with winds of 45 mph (72 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 999 mbar (999 hPa; 29.5 inHg).

Further intensification occurred, and Erin reached winds of 85 mph (137 km/h) before making landfall near Vero Beach, Florida, on August 1.

Shortly before making landfall near Pensacola Beach, Florida on August 3, Erin briefly intensified into a Category 2 hurricane.

Due to warm sea surface temperatures and light wind shear, Felix began to rapidly strengthen as it was curving northwestward.

Felix weakened over the next few days back to a Category 1 hurricane on August 14, after an eyewall replacement cycle and an increase in wind shear.

[44] Due to low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Humberto six hours later.

Initially, strong vertical shear hindered the depression from strengthening significantly; by early on August 29, however, it acquired sufficient organization to be named Tropical Storm Luis.

[60] While crossing the island, cold, dry air began impacting the storm, causing it to rapidly become extratropical and merge with a frontal zone shortly after reentering the Atlantic Ocean.

[70] In the United States, storm surge and high tides were reported along the East Coast, leading to two drowning deaths—one in North Carolina and the other in New York.

[75] Although the National Hurricane Center predicted that it would intensify into a tropical storm, it was also noted shortly after advisories were initiated that "this might have been the only opportunity to name this depression.

"[76] The depression moved toward the northwest and encountered strong upper-level winds which removed the convection from the low-level center on September 13, causing the storm to dissipate.

After remaining a hurricane for 42 hours, during which it turned to the northeast, Noel weakened to tropical storm strength due to increased wind shear.

The depression slowly moved over the Yucatán Peninsula for a few days, eventually emerging off the north coast, where it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Opal on September 30.

At 10:00 UTC on October 4, Opal peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 916 mbar (27.0 inHg).

Numerous trees and power lines were downed in several counties, leaving 2.6 million people across the state without electricity at the height of the storm.

[92] Throughout the United States, Opal caused approximately $4.7 billion in damage and 27 fatalities, including 14 in Georgia, 6 in Alabama, 5 in Florida, and 2 in North Carolina.

Roxanne posed a threat to Cuba and the Cayman Islands, which briefly prompted the issuance of a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch.

After making a close approach to the Yucatán Peninsula while heading southeastward, Roxanne weakened to a tropical storm on October 17 as it doubled back to the northwest.

In addition, significant coastal flooding also occurred, as storm surge for nearly a week caused water to travel inland for hundreds of yards.

[108] Despite slightly cooler water,[109] Tanya strengthened a bit more that afternoon, reaching its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (137 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 972 millibars (28.7 inHg).

The islands of Faial, Pico, São Jorge, and Terceira were hardest hit, where the storm sank numerous boats and knocked down trees and power lines, which severely disrupted electricity and telecommunications.

A satellite image of the Atlantic Ocean on August 24 including 3 active tropical cyclones (from left to right), Tropical Storm Jerry, Hurricane Iris, Hurricane Humberto and two tropical waves that would ultimately become Karen and Hurricane Luis