The 3rd Congress of the CP(b)U (Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)) was held in Kharkiv in March 1–6, 1919 during the Ukrainian-Soviet War ("Entante intervention" and "struggle against [Ukrainian] bourgeoisie-national Directory").
Quiring, the work of the party organizations of Ukraine in underground conditions and after the collapse of the Austro-German occupation and the Directory regime was highlighted.
The resolution on the current moment set forth the tasks of completing the expropriation of capitalists and landlords, transferring all means of production to the state, establishing effective control over production, strengthening work on the creation of regular units of the Red Army in Ukraine, helping the development of the revolutionary movement in western Ukrainian lands, etc.
However, when implementing the land policy planned by the congress, local party organizations made mistakes that manifested themselves in the accelerated formation of communes and state farms without taking into account real opportunities.
Sverdlov from the very beginning took a sharply negative position regarding the formation of the Communist Party of Ukraine, even with limited independence, it would be unlikely on his part to propose a similar structure for the construction of governing bodies on the model of the Central Committee of the RCP(b).
Given the fact that the Communist Party of Ukraine took over the functions of the ruling party during this period, the Central Committee of the CP(b)U faced the problem of creating permanently active leadership bodies within its structure that would work between plenums of the Central Committee and promptly resolve urgent issues of party- of a political nature.
That is why V. Zatonsky's proposal to create a Politburo and an Organizational Bureau found support among the majority of members of the Central Committee of the CP(b)U.
Perhaps this is explained by the fact that the leadership of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) well understood the weight and importance of the Communist Party of Ukraine, which was the largest party organization within the RCP(b) and it operated in a region that was extremely important for the fate of the RSFSR, the socialist revolution, where significant human resources were concentrated resources, huge food reserves, powerful fuel, metallurgical bases, etc.
One of the first tests was the resolution of the Politburo of the RCP(b) dated April 8, 1919, sent to the Central Committee of the CP(b)U signed by Y. Stalin, M. Krestinsky and V. Lenin.