Adolf Böhm (Yiddish: אַדאָלף בעהם, Hebrew: אדולף ביהם; 20 January 1873 – 4 April 1941) was a Bohemian-born Zionist historian and leader.

Adolf Böhm was born to an assimilated Jewish family in Teplitz, Bohemia.

Böhm was an active member of the socialist Austrian Fabian Society, but turned to Zionism in 1905.

Böhm published Die Zionistische Bewegung (1922, enlarged two-volume edition 1935–37), an exhaustive history of the Zionist movement up to 1925, and edited the German monthly Palästina from 1910 until the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.

His wife, Olga Böhm (née Lemberger) was deported to Theresienstadt in 1942 and murdered at the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1944.