Afro-Seminole Creole (ASC) is a dialect of Gullah spoken by Black Seminoles in scattered communities in Oklahoma, Texas, and Northern Mexico.
[2][a] Afro-Seminole Creole was first identified in 1978 by Ian Hancock, a linguist at the University of Texas.
ASC arose when enslaved Gullah speakers from the South Carolina and Georgia coastal region, later called "Black Seminoles", escaped from slavery on rice plantations and fled into the Florida wilderness.
[2] The present-day speakers of Afro-Seminole Creole live in Seminole County, Oklahoma and Brackettville, Texas in the United States, and in Nacimiento de los Negros, Coahuila, Mexico.
[2] The speakers of ASC are all descendants of the Black Seminoles who settled in Florida and then, through a series of wars and other threats, were driven first to what is now Oklahoma and Northern Mexico, and later into Texas after the Civil War.