[5] The town is mentioned among the settlements conquered by general Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Mu'awiya I (661–680).

During the Mongol domination of Georgia, local rulers of the House of Jaqeli, who ruled the feudal principality of Samtskhe-Saatabago, were invested with the title of atabeg and were allowed to be autonomous.

[2] By the late 17th century, the town was home to 400 households, consisting of a mixed population of Turks, Armenians, Georgians, Greeks and Jews.

[citation needed] The highland environment between Akhaltsikhe and Aspindza presents a varied and complex array of archaeological features in different locations, elevations and topographies.

[citation needed] Human habitation is attested already in the Early Bronze Age (4th millennium BC) and later.

[citation needed] The important archaeological site of Amiranis Gora is located on the northeastern outskirts of Akhaltsikhe.