He completed his PhD on multiple sclerosis and the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system at the University of London graduating in 1978.

[4] Compston's research focuses on the clinical science of human demyelinating disease including the discovery of genetic risk factors for multiple sclerosis and the introduction of alemtuzumab.

[9] Compston was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2016[9] and appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to multiple-sclerosis treatment.

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