Albert Victor Bäcklund (11 January 1845 – 23 February 1922) was a Swedish mathematician and physicist.

He was awarded the title of associate professor in Mechanics and Mathematical Physics in 1878, and elected Fellow of the Swedish Academy of Science in 1888.

In 1874 he was awarded a travel grant to study abroad for six months.

He went to the universities at Leipzig and Erlangen to work with Felix Klein and Ferdinand von Lindemann.

His most important work was in the field of transformations pioneered by Sophus Lie.