Alexander Ivanovich Baranov (Russian: Александр Иванович Баранов; born 13 May 1946) is a retired Russian Ground Forces general of the army who commanded the Volga–Ural Military District from 2001 to 2004 and the North Caucasus Military District from 2004 to 2008.

In July 2006 the European Court of Human Rights found the government of Russia guilty of the failure to protect from ill-treatment and a violation of the "right to life" of an alleged Chechen rebel fighter, Khadzhi-Murat Yandiev.

Key evidence in the case, according to court documents, was video footage filmed by a reporter for NTV and CNN television showing an army officer, later identified as Alexander Baranov, ordering soldiers to "finish off" and "shoot" Yandiev after an argument between the two.

Baranov, who has been questioned twice over the matter, has denied he sent Yandiev to his death.

He argues that his "intervention" was meant to calm Yandiev down, and that the soldiers were not his direct subordinates and therefore could not have taken orders from him.