Under the Romans, the region was made in 193 CE[citation needed] part of the province of Coele-Syria or Magna Syria, which was ruled from Antioch.

The province of Euphratensis was established in the 4th century CE in the east, its centre was Hierapolis Bambyce (Manbij).

[5] During the Tanzimat era of Ottoman governance in Aleppo, the authorities established the 1858 land reform law along with schemes to introduce new Bedouin settlers to northern Syria.

These programs led to a stronger integration of Aleppo with the economy of the Ottoman heartland in Anatolia.

[citation needed] After fierce fighting, the Syrian Arab Army with Russian air support managed to take control of the capital of the Governorate, Aleppo, in December 2016 from Fatah Halab coalition.

[10] The governorate has a 221-kilometre (137 mi) long[citation needed] northern boundary with the Kilis, Gaziantep, and Şanlıurfa provinces of Turkey.

The southeastern end of the governorate is continuous with the arid steppe of the northern Syrian Desert.

The lowlands are covered with combined Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments that average 4–5 km in thickness over the whole surface.

The endpoint of Quwēq, the Maṭkh swamp (249 metres (817 ft)), is the lowest point in Aleppo Governorate.

[citation needed] The governorate is generally deforested except for a dispersed forest of about 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) on the eastern slope of Mount Kurd where it faces the plain of A'zaz.

The main crops are olives, figs, plums, pomegranates, vegetables, grains, rice, and pistachios.

The vanishing of the rivers forced farmers to depend largely on rainfall and on water diverted from the Euphrates.

Archaeological sites are abundant in the governorate, especially at Mount Simeon in the west and the plains that extend beyond towards Antioch and Idlib.

This region, known as the Limestone Massif, has the largest concentration of Late Antiquity churches in the world, with a unique Syrian architectural style.

Hong Kong Observatory (sun 1961–1990)[26] Agricultural output from Aleppo mainly focuses on cereal and cotton production.

However, since the Syrian Civil War, many Aleppo based commerce have now relocated across the border into Turkey, especially Gaziantep.