Teixeira began his career with Vasco da Gama, making his debut for the senior team at the age of 18, before moving to Shakhtar Donetsk in November 2009.

[10] At the end of the season, Vasco were promoted back to the Série A after winning the league by a seven-point margin over the second-place team.

[17] On 4 July 2010, Teixeira came on as a 68th-minute replacement for Jádson in Shakhtar's 7–1 Ukrainian Super Cup victory over Tavriya Simferopol.

[26] He scored the first goal in Shakhtar's 2–1 extra time victory over Metalurh Donetsk in the 2012 Ukrainian Cup final.

After losing out to Dynamo Kyiv in the Super Cup the previous year, Shakhtar overcame Metalurh Donetsk 2–0 to regain the trophy.

[31] After the departure of Fernandinho to Manchester City, Teixeira was asked to drop deeper in the pitch and act as a replacement.

During the 2013–14 season, Teixeira was part of a Shakhtar team that won a fifth consecutive Ukrainian Premier League title.

[34] On 4 June 2015, Teixeira played in a Ukrainian Cup final defeat to Dynamo Kyiv for the second consecutive year.

On 16 October 2015, he scored twice in a 3–0 win over champions Dynamo Kyiv at the Olimpiyskiy to overtake the capital club at the top of the table.

[38] In January 2016, English Premier League club Liverpool submitted a bid of €32 million (£24.6m) to sign Teixeira, with him expressing a strong desire to move to Merseyside.

[39][40] Shakhtar refused the bid, however, and on 5 February 2016, Teixeira joined Chinese club Jiangsu Suning on a four-year contract for a transfer fee of €50 million.

[3] This was the third time in ten days that China's transfer record had been broken, the first being for compatriot Ramires who also joined Jiangsu, from Chelsea.

[41] On 1 March 2016, Teixeira scored on his competitive debut for Jiangsu in a 3–2 win over Jeonbuk Motors in the AFC Champions League.

[42] On 5 March 2016, Teixeira scored two goals in a 3–0 win over Shandong Luneng on his Chinese Super League debut.

Jiangsu Suning won the match 2–1, with an aggregate victory of the same scoreline, securing the club's first league title in their history.

[44] Due to the club's financial problems, Teixeira left Jiangsu Suning as a free agent in January 2021.