Amanita regalis

The fruit body of the fungus is a reproductive structure that appears when appropriate environmental conditions of moisture, temperature, and nutrient availability are met.

The cap of A. regalis is 10 to 25 centimetres (4 to 10 inches) broad, and, depending on the stage of its development, can range in shape from spherical to convex to somewhat flattened.

[16] The spores are broadly ellipsoid to roughly spherical, hyaline (translucent), smooth, and have dimensions of 9–12 by 7–8 μm.

[18] Amanita regalis is easily distinguished from A. muscaria by the absence of any red color in the cap, and the yellow patches on the stem.

If it is a form that has a pale-colored, yellowish-brown cap, Amanita regalis may be confused with the blusher (A. rubescens, edible).

The latter species can be identified by the flesh-colored tinge it stains when cut or bruised, and also by the color of the flesh underneath the cuticle: A. regalis is yellowish while A. rubescens is white.

A. pantherina has a similar color, but has white flesh below the cap cuticle, and a cup-shaped bulb with distinct margins around the edge.

[16] In addition to being common in Scandinavian countries,[17] it has been collected in Germany,[19] Hungary,[20] Latvia,[12] Russia,[21] Slovakia,[22] and Korea.

[11] It is a rare species typically found growing on the ground in mountainous forests, both deciduous and coniferous.

A case of poisoning was reported from Finland, where three individuals believed they had consumed the edible parasol mushroom Macrolepiota procera.

Two had central nervous system manifestations and cholinergic symptoms, including hallucinations, confusion, or loss of consciousness as well as profuse salivation and sweating.

[27] Chemical analysis has shown that this species contains ibotenic acid and muscimol,[17] the same toxic constituents as A. muscaria.

[28] Amanita regalis has the ability to bioaccumulate the heavy metal vanadium, a phenomenon first reported in A. muscaria in 1931.

This young specimen shows the characteristic color, cap warts, and stem that are typical of this species. An immature fruit body can be seen to the right.