Amenemhat IV

Her reign marked the end of the Twelfth Dynasty and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom's decline into the Second Intermediate Period.

[11] The Turin Canon, a king list redacted during the early Ramesside period, records Amenemhat IV on Column 6, Row 1, and credits him with a reign of 9 years, 3 months and 27 days.

[10] In Year 2 of Amenemhat IV an expedition was sent to mine amethyst in the Wadi el-Hudi in southern Egypt.

[14] During his reign, important trade relations must have existed with the city of Byblos on the coast of modern-day Lebanon, where an obsidian and gold chest as well as a jar lid bearing Amenemhat IV's name have been found.

[15] In 2010, a report on continuing excavations at Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea coast notes the finding of two wooden chests and an ostracon inscribed with a hieratic text mentioning an expedition to the fabled Land of Punt in regnal year 8 of Amenemhat IV, under the direction of the royal scribe Djedy.

[16] Two fragments of a stela depicting Amenemhat IV and dating to his regnal year 7 were found at Berenice on the Red Sea.

[17][18] In Nubia, three nilometer records are known from Kumna that are explicitly dated to regnal years 5, 6, and 7, showing that Egyptian presence in the region was maintained during his lifetime.

[19][20][21] It is "the only intact temple still existing from the Middle Kingdom" according to Zahi Hawass, former Secretary-General of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA).

[22] The foundations of the temple, administrative buildings, granaries, and residences were uncovered by an Egyptian archaeological expedition in early 2006.

[3] Although the first two rulers of this new dynasty may have been sons of Amenemhat IV, political instability quickly became prevalent and kings rarely ruled beyond a couple of years.

[3] Approximately 80 years after the reign of Amenemhat IV, "the administration [of the Egyptian state] seems to have completely collapsed",[3] marking the start of the Second Intermediate Period.

Various authors provide different estimates for his reign: AE Chronology (1772–1764), v. Beckerath (1807–1798), Shaw (1786–1777), Dodson (1798–1785), Arnold (1799–1787), Malek (1814–1805), Grimal (1797–1790), Franke (1773–1764), Redford (1798–1790).

One of the naos from the funerary temple of Amenemhat III at Hawara, now located in the Egyptian Museum at Cairo . The left figure, flexing his arm across his chest in order to bring a sign "ankh" (life) to the face of his partner, is Amenemhat III. The king on the right is Amenemhat IV.
A Gold plaque of Amenemhat IV found at Byblos , Lebanon. It is now part of the collection of the British Museum .
Small obsidian coffer bound in gold and bearing Amenemhat IV's titulary from the Royal necropolis of Byblos
The remains of the Southern Mazghuna pyramid, possibly Amenemhat IV's tomb [ 29 ]