The resulting amorphous mixture consists mostly of calcium and phosphate, but also contains varying amounts of water and hydrogen and hydroxide ions, depending on the synthesis conditions.
[4] The ACP in bovine milk (CPP-ACP) is believed to involve calcium phosphate nanoclusters in a shell of casein phosphopeptides.
[7] Unfolded phosphopeptides are believed to sequester ACP nanoclusters[8] and form stable complexes in other biofluids such as urine and blood serum, preventing deposition of insoluble calcium phosphates and calcification of soft tissue.
In the laboratory, stored samples of formulations of artificial blood, serum, urine and milk (which approximate the pH of the naturally occurring fluid) deposit insoluble phosphates.
[7] Following investigations into the composition of amorphous calcium phosphates precipitated under different conditions, Posner and Betts suggested in the mid-1970s that the structural unit of ACP was a neutral cluster Ca9(PO4)6.
[4] New studies propose the idea of posner clusters acting as neural qbits because their entangled 31P have a long relaxation time and are in a S6 symmetry.
[11] It is believed that ACP hydrolyzes under physiological temperatures and pH to form octacalcium phosphate as an intermediate, and then surface apatite.
In aqueous media, ACP is easily transformed into crystalline phases such as octacalcium phosphate and apatite due to the growing of microcrystallites.
Recently developed ACP-filled bioactive composites are believed to be effective anti-demineralizing/remineralizing agents for the preservation and repair of tooth structures.