[1] The Environmental Research Center traces its lineage to activities of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) in Cincinnati since the 1850s.
[6][7] It was initially called the Stream Pollution Investigations Station and focused on natural purification of streamwater, and water treatment systems.
[8] In 1966 the center was transferred to the Federal Water Quality Administration in the Department of the Interior, and in 1970 to the newly created Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
[1][7] It was named after Andrew W. Breidenbach, the recently retired EPA Assistant Administrator for Water and Hazardous Materials.
[12][13] At the time, there was no known full containment facility for the desired research on highly hazardous materials in the United States.